Radar Electronic Warfare PDF Download: The Latest Developments and Trends in Electronic Warfare Syst

Electronic warfare is a pivotal if invisible part of modern warfare. Military forces rely on radios, radars, and infrared detectors to coordinate operations and find the enemy. They use EW to control the spectrum, protecting their own sensing and communications while denying access to the electromagnetic spectrum by enemy troops.

Thus, World War I EW was exemplified by passive detection of radio transmissions and infrequent, rudimentary jamming. The shift to more sophisticated EW systems and tactics occurred with World War II, when technological advances made airborne radars and jammers practical, better tuners allowed jamming and communicating on separate frequencies, and the increased tempo of warfare gave combatants an incentive to not just jam enemy transmissions but to intercept and exploit them as well.

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Electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM) is a part of electronic warfare which includes a variety of practices which attempt to reduce or eliminate the effect of electronic countermeasures (ECM) on electronic sensors aboard vehicles, ships and aircraft and weapons such as missiles. ECCM is also known as electronic protective measures (EPM), chiefly in Europe. In practice, EPM often means resistance to jamming. A more detailed description defines it as the electronic warfare operations taken by a radar to offset the enemy's countermeasure.[1]

Ever since electronics have been used in battle in an attempt to gain superiority over the enemy, effort has been spent on techniques to reduce the effectiveness of those electronics. More recently, sensors and weapons are being modified to deal with this threat. One of the most common types of ECM is radar jamming or spoofing. This originated with the Royal Air Force's use of what they codenamed Window during World War II, which Americans referred to as chaff.[2] It was first used during the Hamburg raid on July 24-25, 1943.[3] The night fighters outfitted with Window had prong antennae stuck out from their noses, allowing their radars a range of four miles in a 70 degree cone.[3] Jamming also may have originated with the British during World War II, when they began jamming German radio communications. These efforts include the successful British disruption of German Lutwaffe navigational radio beams.[4]

Today, more powerful electronics with smarter software for operation of the radar might be able to better discriminate between a moving target like an aircraft and an almost stationary target like a chaff bundle. The technology powering modern sensors and seekers allow all successful systems partly due to ECCM designed into them. Today, electronic warfare is composed of ECM, ECCM and, electronic reconnaissance/intelligent (ELINT) activities.[5]

Examples of electronic counter-countermeasures include the American Big Crow program, which served as a Bear bomber and a standoff jammer.[6] It was a modified Air Force NKC-135A and was built to provide capability and flexibility of conducting varied and precision electronic warfare experiments.[7] Throughout its 20-year existence, the U.S. government developed and installed over 3,143 electronic counter-countermeasures to its array of weapons.[6] There is also the BAMS Project, which was funded by the Belgian government since 1982. This system, together with advanced microelectronics, also provided secure voice, data, and text communications under the most severe electronic warfare conditions.[8]

Despite the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy, the military expenditure of several countries has been constant, if not higher, than in previous years. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), the global military expenditure was USD 1.98 Trillion in 2020 and has increased by 0.7% to USD 2.1 Trillion in 2021. The supply chain disruption caused due to the pandemic had a slightly negative impact on the electronic warfare market, with mild disruptions to the ongoing activities of product innovation and manufacturing for a brief period in 2020. Nevertheless, the overall impact from the demand perspective is negligible.

The ongoing political conflicts and territorial disputes between several nations are expected to generate demand for sophisticated electronic warfare systems with superior capabilities during the forecast period.

The development of cognitive electronic warfare, which is the integration of advanced technologies, like artificial intelligence and neural networks with the electronic warfare systems, to achieve faster and more efficient systems with minimal lag between threat identification and tracking, is expected to open up new market opportunities for the electronic warfare market.

Electronic Warfare (EW) capabilities include the ability of the armed forces to use electromagnetic signal equipment such as radio, infrared, or radar to sense enemy vehicles, protect the allied troops from their attacks, and support the allied forces with electromagnetic spectrum sensing. The market is segmented by capability into electronic attack, protection, and support. The platform also segments the market into air, sea, land, and space. The report also covers the market sizes and forecasts in significant countries across different regions. The market sizing and forecasts for each segment have been provided in value (USD billion).

The electronic support segment is anticipated to have the highest growth during the forecast period. The need for advanced information gathering and communication systems on the battlefield is of high importance. Due to this reason, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance (ISTAR), signals intelligence (SIGINT) systems. Other such methods for recognition and targeting of threats are expected to register the highest demand, as they assist in attack or protect against the enemy attack. The use of military robots like uncrewed aerial vehicles and uncrewed sea vehicles, with the SIGINT and ISTAR systems, has been increasing recently. Rising internal and external conflicts have significantly driven the demand for electronic warfare support systems across major countries in the world. For instance, in June 2021, Patria was awarded a contract to deliver the Patria ARIS-E Electronic Support Measures (ESM) system to a European customer. Patria ARIS-E is an ESM system that intercepts, identifies, and geolocates radioemitters without being detected. Based on the received signals, the system produces a situational picture indicating active operations. The system also enables further analysis of the received signals. The growing proliferation of unmanned systems is also driving the need for better electronic support, as autonomous and remotely operated vehicles rely heavily on electronic communications and systems. Hence the investments into the ground-based radar EW systems that provide electronic support for conducting intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance operations are also increasing, which is expected to drive the segment's growth in the future.

The electronic warfare market is highly fragmented due to many players offering several products across various segments of the market. Some prominent electronic warfare market players are Lockheed Martin Corporation, Raytheon Technologies Corporation, BAE Systems plc, L3Harris Technologies, and Northrop Grumman Corporation. The international players have a higher market share than the regional players due to significantly high investments in R&D and a high geographical presence. The competition in the market is further expected to increase with the development of new products and the consolidation of the market. The armed forces are collaborating with companies to develop advanced technologies in electronic warfare, such as radio frequency-enabled cyber (cyber capabilities within electronic warfare systems). Investments in such technologies are anticipated to help the companies increase their share in the market in the coming years.

In April 2022, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Australia signed an agreement to cooperate on hypersonic weapons and electronic warfare capabilities. The pact follows the AUKUS defense alliance in September 2021, which aims to improve cooperation in military capabilities among these countries.

In March 2022, BAE Systems announced that it had launched new electronic warfare (EW) suite to provide platforms with offensive and defensive EW capabilities. The system, called Storm EW Modules, is customizable for US and allied fleets and can be integrated into fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, uncrewed air vehicles, and guided missiles. 2ff7e9595c